Charlene Barshefsky, a former top U.S. official, discusses in the interview with China-US Focus the lengthy negotiation process for China's entry into the WTO and its lasting impacts on China's economy, global integration, and U.S.-China relations, despite current challenges in trade norms and geopolitical shifts. She also emphasizes the significance of international businesses having a presence in China and the considerations they need to evaluate when determining whether to expand to the Chinese market.

An overemphasis on competition may lead to pessimism and miscalculation. While the United States appears to be upgrading measures designed to pressure China, it should also strengthen its economic and trade ties. Interdependence and mutual benefit are excellent motivators.

Given Washington’s strategic hostility toward China and its continual assertion of national security, it’s unrealistic to expect a general improvement in economic and commercial ties. New curbs on China — and more friction — are likely in the offing.

Through sincere efforts by the U.S. and China, it’s possible that the decline in trade will bottom out this year. Strong business relationships can once again serve as a stabilizing factor in the overall relationship, and inure to the benefit of our two peoples and the world.

Lip service notwithstanding, what Washington has been doing over the years is a form of decoupling with China — in the guise of national security. Top American officials have not articulated any boundary between decoupling and what they say are moves to “de-risk” the relationship. In many ways, they look the same.

The decline in trade cannot continue, as both countries need each other. It can be expected that they will patch up their disputes and work together, turning the numbers around to bring more tangible benefits to their people.

Paradoxically, last year set a record for trade between China and the United States, notwithstanding hostilities. But while the internal dynamics for economic interaction and trade remain resilient for now, some analysts see clouds on the horizon.

Removing import tariffs on Chinese goods could lower consumer prices in the U.S. amid inflation, dissipate the U.S.-China trade war, and support the administration’s overall strategy to strengthen its presence and influence in the Indo-Pacific region.

U.S. announcements and actions show some new approaches. In short, trade plays second fiddle to the White House’s strategic objectives — meaning that commercial interests will be sacrificed whenever Washington has need. Trade with China is viewed through a geopolitical lens.

The United States has recklessly dismissed China’s efforts, even though many factors beyond China’s control have influenced its ability to fulfill its side of the deal. The agreement should be implemented jointly and thoughtfully, not by finger-pointing.